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Analysis of the party effect within the coalition candidates in the 2021 Czech parliamentary elections
Křivohlávek, Tomáš ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Pink, Michal (referee)
This master thesis aims to present a new theoretical concept called the party effect. The party effect describes the situation when the voter gives preferential votes according to which party within the coalition nominated the candidate. This effect is examined in the case of the parliamentarian elections in the Czech Republic in 2021. Thanks to the success of two pre-electoral coalitions, these elections represent an ideal opportunity to analyse the party effect within the coalition candidate list. The author is not aware that this aspect of preferential voting within pre-electoral coalitions has been addressed before. In addition to presenting the concept, the aim of the thesis is also to propose a methodology for its measurement. This methodology is subsequently applied for empirical verification of the presence and strength of the party effect in the individual parties of the SPOLU coalition and the PIRÁTI a STAROSTONÉ coalition. In the analytical part of the work, it was found that the party effect is present in all investigated parties. The strength of the effect varies not only across parties but also across space. It is primarily a methodological work, the goal of which is not a detailed analysis of each individual finding.
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Voter Perception of the Electoral System for Local Elections
Palkosková, Lucie ; Jüptner, Petr (advisor) ; Trávníček, Matěj (referee)
1 Abstract This paper tries to demonstrate an incorrect perception of the Czech municipal electoral system by voters. In order achieve this aim I identified the following research questions. Firstly, what is the perception of preferential voting by voters in the Czech local electoral system? Secondly, do voters use a strategic voting in the municipal elections? Thirdly, is there some influence on voters' decisions depending on the form of a candidate subject? These questions were answered on the basis of my own research, which took place in a chosen municipality. I showed that voters perceive preferential voting by the wrong way, which primarily comes from their low awareness of the electoral system. Furthermore, it was found that the different perception of the candidates affects a voter behavior. Unfortunately, whether voters use a strategically choice in municipal elections, I could not prove it.
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Quantitative Analysis of Preferential Voting in Regional Elections in the Czech Republic
Cvejn, Michal ; Švec, Kamil (advisor) ; Jüptner, Petr (referee)
The thesis deals with preferential voting in regional elections in the Czech Republic. The preferential vote has had little effect until recent adjustment of electoral system, which lowered the eligibility threshold from 10 to 5 %, thus making an opening for more important role of voters' preferences. Author makes use of newly available data to assess the impact of the electoral reform. The reform is shown to make a significant, but rather uneven impact across political parties and regions. The effect of preferential vote is largely concentrated among smaller parties and low-size electoral districts, leaving some regions and parties unaffected. Mechanisms that facilitate this outcome are discussed in detail.
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Borda rule as an alternative to other types of ordinal majoritarian electoral systems
Švec, Radek ; Lebeda, Tomáš (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis focuses on the less studied electoral systems, which are called ordinal. These methods allow the voters to order the candidates according to their preferences. The work provides a historical insight into this issue with regard to economics and political science theories, based on the concept of the Condorcet winner. Condorcet winner is the person who defeats all other candidates in pairwise elections and by theorists of the electoral system is the ability to choose the Condorcet winner essential. The work examines three electoral methods - alternative and suplementary vote and Borda rule. These electoral systems are analyzed in terms of effects to system of political parties, political actors and the electorate, with the emphasis on the utilization rate of preferential votes. These aspects are examined on the basis of the actual election results obtained from the website of the electoral commissions and independent institutions. Based on these data, a mathematical model that compares the effects of electoral systems is then created. The conclusion summarizes the results of the analysis and the author expresses further recommendations to address these electoral methods, not only professionally and scientifically, but also as real alternatives for real election.
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Preferential voting in the elections to the House of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic in 2010 in comparison with elections in 2002 and 2006
Rybová, Drahomíra ; Lebeda, Tomáš (advisor) ; Jüptner, Petr (referee)
There was a record-breaking gain of seats that was based on preference votes in the 2010 election to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The aim of my diploma thesis is to determine whether the reason for the above was a more active and effective utilization of the voters' preference votes, or it was a result of the different rules for the preferential voting. The clarification of the reasons is based on the analyses of the quantity of used preference votes from the voters' side, their active participation, and the ability to accumulate votes for several selected candidates. The thesis compares the results of the last election and elections in 2002 and 2006 and explores the differences that had happened in the course of these three elections. The thesis is also focused on models of voting behavior. It monitors which characteristics represent the voters who give the preference votes, and on the contrary, which candidates' characteristics are important for these voters and which are irrelevant.
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The Preferential voting of the Koalice voters in the elections for the Chamber of deputies in 2002. Never more with the KDU-ČSL into the coalition
Navrátil, Vojtěch ; Lebeda, Tomáš (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
Diploma thesis "The Preferential voting of the Koalice voters in the elections for the Chamber of Deputies in 2002. Never more with the KDU-ČSL into the coalition" is concerned with the preferential voting of the Koalice voters in the elections in 2002 in selected electoral districts which are The Liberec Region, The Hradec Králové Region and The Zlín Region. The thesis focuses especially on the question in how big municipalities gained the KDU-ČSL and the US-DEU canditates the highest support from voters, wheter there was a connection between the distribution of preferential votes for the KDU-ČSL candidates and theUS-DEU voters of the Koalice in 2002 with distribution of preferential votes for these parties by the Čtyřkoalice voters in the regional elections in 2000; whether the structure of municipalities, in which the Koalice voters in 2002 and the KDU-ČSL and the US voters in 1998 in the elections for the PSP ČR bestowed the highest and the lowest percentage of preferential notes, was different; whether the proportion of preferential votes for the KDU-ČSL and the US-DEU candidates was connected with a local variability of the chosen sociodemografic variables and what was the distribution of regional electoral support of the best succesful candidates in 2002. The basic level of the almost whole...
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Political Aspect of Local Government
Novotná, Michaela ; Kopřiva, Radek (advisor) ; Lenka, Lenka (referee)
The thesis deals with the local elections in 2014. It focuses on the District Děčín. The aim is to assess the importance of preferential votes in the distribution of political seats in municipal councils. Meaning of preferential votes is assessed using the variation coeficient, which is calculated for all the municipalities in district Děčín. The operational objective is to evaluate the use of preferential votes in the electoral behavior, which also results from the values of the variation coefficient.
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Personalization of Politics in the Czech Republic: Analysis of Manifestations of Personalization in the Electoral Process
Fričová, Magdaléna ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Kučera, František (referee)
The thesis deals with the subject of personalization of politics, the phenomenon that has recently become more and more topical. The process of personalization lies in reinforcement of focus on individual political actors at the expense of the collective ones. In the political system, we can observe personalization on three levels: in the institutional arrangement, in the way politics is perceived by citizens as well as its presentation by media. This process affects both the political parties (change in their organizational structure) and the political system in general (change in the character of mandate, the fragmentation of party system or the weakening of the control of individuals in power). The main topic of the thesis is personalization of politics in the frame of electoral systems through which the process can be encouraged or slowed down. On the background of theory of voting systems, the first part of the thesis analyses the development of Czech electoral system and chosen proposals of electoral reforms with focus on their impact on personalization of vote. The second part analyses outcome of parliamentary elections, namely the use and the impact of preferential voting. Last of all, fragmentation of the party system as a display of personalization is assessed, based on the Laakso-Taagepera index. Conclusions of the analysis confirm the personalization trend -- we can see an effort to personalize the vote from the part of political elites as well as the positive response to this trend from voters.
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